Posted on September 25, 2024

Hydrocephalus Awareness Month – What is it? Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

September is Hydrocephalus Awareness Month. Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder that, if left untreated, can cause serious complications. But with the right treatment and support, children with hydrocephalus can lead healthy and happy lives. 

What is Hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. This fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord, protecting them from injury. However, when too much fluid accumulates, it puts pressure on the brain, which can cause damage. This pressure can impact brain development and growth in children, if not treated early.

Hydrocephalus can affect children at any age, from infants to teenagers. The earlier it’s detected and treated, the better the outcome for the child.

Symptoms of Hydrocephalus in Children

Symptoms of hydrocephalus can vary depending on the age of the child. In infants, one of the most noticeable signs is a rapid increase in head size. This happens because the skull bones in babies are still soft and haven’t fully fused, allowing the head to expand. 

Other symptoms in infants may include:

– A bulging soft spot on the top of the head (fontanelle)

– Vomiting

– Sleepiness or irritability

– Seizures

– Poor feeding

 

In toddlers and older children, the symptoms may be different. They could experience:

– Headaches

– Vision problems

– Difficulty with balance and coordination

– Delays in developmental milestones like walking or talking

– Trouble with concentration or learning in school

Parents need to recognize these signs and consult a doctor if they suspect something is wrong. Early detection can help manage the condition more effectively.

Causes of Hydrocephalus

Different factors can cause hydrocephalus. Some children are born with it due to genetic or developmental reasons, known as congenital hydrocephalus. Others may develop it later in life (acquired hydrocephalus) due to conditions like infections (such as meningitis), head injuries, or brain tumors. In some cases, the exact cause is unknown.

Diagnosis

When a doctor suspects hydrocephalus, they will likely conduct a series of tests to confirm the diagnosis. This may include imaging tests like an ultrasound (for infants), an MRI, or a CT scan to get a detailed look at the brain and assess the fluid buildup.

Once diagnosed, the doctor will discuss the treatment options with the family and develop a plan to manage the condition.

Treatment Options

The main treatment for hydrocephalus is surgery. The most common procedure is the placement of a shunt system. A shunt is a small, flexible tube that is surgically inserted into the brain to drain the excess cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is then redirected to another part of the body where it can be absorbed, such as the abdomen.

Another treatment option is endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). This procedure involves making a small hole in the brain’s ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) to allow the CSF to flow out and reduce pressure.

While these treatments don’t cure hydrocephalus, they help manage the condition by controlling fluid buildup.

Living with Hydrocephalus: Support for Families

Living with hydrocephalus can be challenging for both children and their families, but with the right support, children can lead fulfilling lives. Parents need to work closely with their child’s medical team, attend regular check-ups, and monitor any changes in symptoms.

For parents, building a strong support network is essential. Connecting with other families who have children with hydrocephalus can provide emotional support and practical advice. Schools and communities can also play a key role in helping children thrive by creating a supportive and inclusive environment.

Wrapping Up

Hydrocephalus can seem overwhelming, especially when it affects young children. However, with proper diagnosis, treatment, and support, many children go on to live healthy and active lives. During Hydrocephalus Awareness Month, let’s come together to raise awareness about this condition, ensuring that more children get the care they need. 

If you suspect your child may have hydrocephalus, don’t hesitate to reach out to a pediatric neurologist for an evaluation. Early intervention can make all the difference in their future.